General Information

  • ID:  hor003011
  • Uniprot ID:  P01161
  • Protein name:  Auriculin-C
  • Gene name:  NPPA
  • Organism:  Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
  • Family:  Natriuretic peptide family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  High levels of expression in the atria compared to the ventricles .
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Rattus (genus), Murinae (subfamily), Muridae (family), Muroidea, Myomorpha (suborder), Rodentia (order), Glires, Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005184 neuropeptide hormone activity; GO:0051427 hormone receptor binding; GO:0071855 neuropeptide receptor binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0001666 response to hypoxia; GO:0003008 system process; GO:0003085 negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; GO:0006182 cGMP biosynthetic process; GO:0006457 protein folding; GO:0006950 response to stress; GO:0007168 receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway; GO:0007218 neuropeptide signaling pathway; GO:0007507 heart development; GO:0007565 female pregnancy; GO:0008217 regulation of blood pressure; GO:0010460 positive regulation of heart rate; GO:0010753 positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling; GO:0014898 cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress; GO:0019934 cGMP-mediated signaling; GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth; GO:0032868 response to insulin; GO:0036376 sodium ion export across plasma membrane; GO:0042311 vasodilation; GO:0045776 negative regulation of blood pressure; GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels; GO:0050891 multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis; GO:0060372 regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization; GO:0060452 positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction; GO:0061049 cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development; GO:0070301 cellular response to hydrogen peroxide; GO:0071260 cellular response to mechanical stimulus; GO:0097746 blood vessel diameter maintenance; GO:0099538 synaptic signaling via neuropeptide; GO:1901841 regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity; GO:1902261 positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity; GO:1902514 regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel; GO:1903595 positive regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell; GO:1903766 positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane; GO:1903815 negative regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction; GO:1904385 cellular response to angiotensin; GO:1904681 response to 3-met
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0005737 cytoplasm; GO:0005903 brush border; GO:0032991 protein-containing complex; GO:0042629 mast cell granule; GO:0042995 cell projection; GO:0043204 perikaryon; GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm; GO:0098690 glycinergic synapse

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  LAGPRSLRRSSCFGGRIDRIGAQSGLGCNSFRY
  • Length:  33
  • Propeptide:  MGSFSITKGFFLFLAFWLPGHIGANPVYSAVSNTDLMDFKNLLDHLEEKMPVEDEVMPPQALSEQTDEAGAALSSLSEVPPWTGEVNPSQRDGGALGRGPWDPSDRSALLKSKLRALLAGPRSLRRSSCFGGRIDRIGAQSGLGCNSFRYRR
  • Signal peptide:  MGSFSITKGFFLFLAFWLPGHIGA
  • Modification:  T11 Phosphoserine
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis, and is involved in vascular remodeling and regulating energy metabolism (By similarity). Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins, such as PRKG1, that drive various biological responses (PubMed:15117952). Regulates vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis and aldosterone synthesis and is therefore essential for regulating blood pressure, controlling the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid-electrolyte balance (PubMed:7831500). Also involved in inhibiting cardiac remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating the growth of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts (By similarity). Plays a role in female pregnancy by promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in uterus, and thus prevents pregnancy-induced hypertension (By similarity). In adipose tissue, acts in various cGMP- and PKG-dependent pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis (By similarity). This includes up-regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxygen utilization by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and increasing energy expenditure by acting via MAPK11 to promote the UCP1-dependent thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (By similarity). Binds the clearance receptor NPR3 which removes the hormone from circulation (By similarity).
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  Npr1, Npr3
  • Target Unid:  P18910, P41740
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  12-28
  • Structure ID:  AF-O81277-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    AF-O81277-F1.pdbhor003011_AF2.pdbhor003011_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 412999 Formula: C150H245N53O44S2
Absent amino acids: EHKMTVW Common amino acids: GR
pI: 11.81 Basic residues: 6
Polar residues: 15 Hydrophobic residues: 9
Hydrophobicity: -36.97 Boman Index: -8518
Half-Life: 5.5 hour Half-Life Yeast: 3 min
Half-Life E.Coli: 2 min Aliphatic Index 65.15
Instability Index: 8259.09 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 1615
Absorbance 280nm: 50.47

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  6232612
  • Title:  Amino acid sequence of homologous rat atrial peptides: natriuretic activity of native and synthetic forms.